International Trade Data
The MAC Protocol covers 56 specific Harmonized System (HS) codes representing various types of mining, agricultural and construction (MAC) equipment. The following trade data provides an important economic context for the MAC Protocol. Once broadly implemented, the MAC Protocol will improve legal certainty and decrease financing costs for well over $100 billion USD of equipment traded annually. The interactive dashboards below provides different insights into the import/export volumes for the 56 HS codes within the scope of the MAC Protocol, highlighting the critical role this equipment plays in each country’s economy.
International Trade of Mining, Agricultural and Construction (MAC) Equipment
The MAC Protocol applies to a wide variety of equipment. It is designed to cover commercially used, uniquely identifiable MAC equipment using six-digit Harmonized System (HS) codes developed by the World Customs Organization (WCO). The MAC Protocol contains three Annexes (Annex 1 for Mining Equipment, Annex 2 for Agricultural Equipment, and Annex 3 for Construction Equipment) listing a total of 56 HS codes that cover equipment that falls within the scope of the Protocol.
The HS codes are widely used around the world to classify almost all international trade. The 56 codes under MAC Protocol tend to cover higher value items, typically involving equipment valued above $20,000, usually much more. The 56 codes cover over $1.33 trillion USD worth of equipment traded over the last decade, including over $162 billion USD of international trade in 2024 alone.
By visualising these volumes, stakeholders can see exactly where the demand for MAC equipment is concentrated and which nations’ economies import the most MAC equipment. In doing so, this trade data identifies where the MAC Protocol’s effect can have the most transformative impact.
Trade Data Sources and Visualisations
The data provided in this page comes from the United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database (UN Comtrade) system. UN Comtrade is considered to be the most comprehensive global repository of official international trade statistics. Managed by the UN Statistics Division, it contains billions of records detailing the imports, exports, and re-exports of goods and services between nearly 200 countries.
The interactive dashboards below visualise the import/export volumes in relation to the 56 HS codes within the scope of the MAC Protocol, utilising UN Comtrade data.
Explore Data: For the best experience, please use a desktop browser. Hover over or select specific regions and charts to view detailed data tooltips. You can also apply filters to analyse trade impact statistics by specific countries or years.
Disclaimer: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this page do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by UNIDROIT. This map is provided solely as a visual aid; due to technical limitations it may not reflect accurately the territorial application of the treaty.
MAC Equipment Export Data Report
This report provides a detailed analysis of global export data concerning equipment falling under the scope of the MAC Protocol.
Explore Data: For the best experience, please use a desktop browser. Hover over or select specific regions and charts to view detailed data tooltips. You can also apply filters to analyse trade impact statistics by specific countries or years.
Country Trade Data Report
This report provides a detailed analysis of national trade activity concerning equipment falling under the scope of the MAC Protocol.
Explore Data: For the best experience, please use a desktop browser. Hover over or select specific regions and charts to view detailed data tooltips. You can also apply filters to analyse trade impact statistics by specific countries or years.
How does the MAC Protocol assist importing and exporting countries?
The introduction of the MAC Protocol is envisaged to reduce the costs of the financing of MAC equipment traded between countries, as well as within countries. Importing countries that ratify the MAC Protocol will strengthen the legal framework for the financing of equipment used in their mining, agricultural and construction sectors, which is likely to increase the availability of MAC equipment and lower its cost. Exporting countries will experience economic benefits due to equipment manufacturing increases driven by increases in market demand from importing countries. For more details, see the MAC Protocol Economic Assessment.
Primarily, the MAC Protocol allow farmers, construction companies and mining entities to access modern equipment, increasing productivity, efficiency and profit. However, the MAC Protocol will also allow shippers, freight forwarders and equipment dealers to export and import increased volumes of equipment and begin operations in new markets. The benefits also spread to sectors including manufacturing, financing and banking, as well as other industries. See detail in Information for States and Industry.